1) What is diffrence between StateFul and Stateless Session Bean?

A Stateful Session Bean is a bean that is designed to service business processes that span multiple method requests or transactions. Stateful Session beans  retain state on behalf of an individual client. Stateless Session Beans do not maintain state.

EJB containers pools stateless session beans and reuses them to service many clients. Stateful session beans can be passivated and reused for other clients.  But this involves I/O bottlenecks. Because a stateful session bean caches client  conversation in memory, a bean failure may result in loosing the entire client conversation. Therefore, while writing a stateful session bean the bean  developer has to keep the bean failure and client conversation loss in mind.

In case of stateless session beans, client specific data has to be pushed to the bean for each method invocation which will result in increase in the network traffic. This can be avoided in a number of ways like persisting the client specific data in database or in JNDI. But this also results in I/O performance  bottlenecks.

If the business process spans multiple invocations thereby requiring a conversation then stateful session bean will be the ideal choice. On the other hand, if business process lasts only for a single method call, stateless session bean model suits.

Stateful session beans remembers the previous request and responses. But stateless beans do not. stateful does not have pooling concept, whereas the stateless bean instances are pooled

2) What is difference between BeanMangedPersistance and ContainerMangedPersistance?

CMP: Tx behaviour in beans are defined in transaction attributes of the methods

BMP: Programmers has to write a code that implements Tx behaviour to the bean class.

Tuned CMP entity beans offer better performance than BMP entity beans. Moving towards the CMP based approach provides database independence since it does not contain any database storage APIs within it. Since the container performs database operations on behalf of the CMP entity bean, they are harder to debug. BMP beans offers more control and flexibility that CMP beans.

Diff 1) In BMP you will take care of all the connection and you write the SQL code inside the bean whereas in CMP the container will take care of it

Diff 2) The BMP is not portable across all DB s.whereas the CMP is

(3)Draw and explain MVC architecture?

MVC Architecture is Module ViewController Architecture. Controller is the one which controls the flow of application / services the requests from the View.  Module is the other layer which performs the exact operations. Each layer should be loosely coupled as much as possible.

(4)Difference between forward(request,response) and SendRedirect(url) in Servlet?

With Forward, request & response would be passed to the destination URL which should be relative (means that the destination URL shud be within a servlet  context). Also, after executing forward method, the control will return back to the same method from where the forward method was called. All the opposite to  the above points apply to sendRedirect. (OR)The forward will redirect in the application server itself. It does not come  to the client. wherea Response.sendredirect() will come to the client and go back ...ie. URL appending will happen.

(5)What is Synchornize?

Synchronize is a technique by which a particular block is made accessible only by a single instance at any time. (OR) When two or more objects try to access a  resource, the method of letting in one object to access a resource is called sync

(6)How to prevent Dead Lock?

Using synchronization mechanism. For Deadlock avoidance use Simplest algorithm where each process tells max number of resources it will ever need. As process runs, it requests resources but never exceeds max number of resources. System schedules processes and allocates resoures in a way that ensures that no deadlock results. 

7)Explain different way of using thread? :

The thread could be implemented by using runnable interface or by inheriting from the Thread class. The former is more advantageous, cause when you are going for multiple inheritance..the only interface can help 

(8)what are pass by reference and passby value?

Pass By Reference means the passing the address itself rather than passing the value. Passby Value means passing a copy of the value to be passed.

(9)How Servlet Maintain Session and EJB Maintain Session?

Servlets maintain session in ServleContext and EJB s in EJBContext.

(10)Explain DOM and SAX Parser?

DOM parser is one which makes the entire XML passed as a tree Structure and will have it in memory. Any modification can be done to the XML.

SAX parser is one which triggers predefined events when the parser encounters the tags in XML. Eventdriven parser. Entire XML will not be stored  in memory. Bit faster than DOM. NO modifications can be done to the XML. 

(11)What is HashMap and Map?

Map is Interface and Hashmap is class that implements that and its not serialized HashMap is non serialized and Hashtable is serialized

(12)Difference between HashMap and HashTable?

The HashMap class is roughly equivalent to Hashtable, except that it is unsynchronized and permits nulls. (HashMap allows null values as key and value  whereas Hashtable doesnt allow). HashMap does not guarantee that the order of  the map will remain constant over time. 

(12a) Difference between Vector and ArrayList?

Vector is serialized whereas arraylist is not

(13)Difference between Swing and Awt?

AWT are heavyweight componenets. Swings are lightweight components. Hence

swing works faster than AWT.

14) Explain types of Enterprise Beans?

Session beans > Associated with a client and keeps states for a client

Entity Beans > Represents some entity in persistent storage such as a database

15) What is enterprise bean?

Server side reusable java component

Offers services that are hard to implement by the programmer

Sun: Enterprise Bean architecture is a component architecture for the  deployment and development of componentbased distributed business applications.  Applications written using enterprise java beans are scalable, transactional and  multiuser secure. These applications may be written once and then deployed on  any server plattform that supports enterprise java beans specification. 

Enterprise beans are executed by the J2EE server.

First version 1.0 contained session beans, entity beans were not included. Entity beans were added to version 1.1 which came out during year 1999. Current release is EJB version 1.2 

16)Services of EJB?

Database management :

?Database connection pooling

?DataSource, offered by the J2EE server. Needed to access connection pool of the server.

?Database access is configured to the J2EE server > easy to change database / database driver

Transaction management :

?Distributed transactions

?J2EE server offers transaction monitor which can be accessed by the client.

Security management :

?Authetication

?Authorization

?encryption

Enterprise java beans can be distributed /replicated into separate machines Distribution/replication offers

?Load balancing, load can be divided into separate servers.

?Failover, if one server fails, others can keep on processing normally.

?Performance, one server is not so heavy loaded. Also, for example Weblogic has thread pools for improving performance in one server.

17)When to choose EJB?

Server will be heavy loaded :

?Distribution of servers helps to achieve better performance.

Server should have replica for the case of failure of one server:

?Replication is invisible to the programmer

Distributed transactions are needed "

?J2EE server offers transaction monitor that takes care of transaction management.

?Distributed transactions are invisible to the programmer

Other services vs. money :

Weblogic J2EE server ~ 80 000 mk and Jbuilder X Professional Edition ~ 5 000mk

18) Why not to use free J2EE servers?

?no tecnical support

?harder to use (no graphical user interface ...)

?no integration to development tools (for example, Jbuilder)

?Bugs? Other problems during project?

19) Alternative:Tuxedo

Tuxedo is a middleware that offers scalability services and transaction monitors.

C or C++ based.

Can be used with Java client by classes in JOLT package offered by BEA.

Faster that J2EE server?

Harder to program?

Harder to debug?

Implementation is platform dependent.

20) J2EE server offers

DataSource:

?Object that can be used to achieve database connection from the connection pool.

?Can be accessed by the interface DataSource

Transaction monitor:

?Can be accessed by the interface UserTransaction.

21)Java Naming and the Directory Service

Naming service is needed to locate beans home interfaces or other objects (DataSource, UserTransaction): ?For example, jndi name of the DataSource

Directory service is needed to store and retrieve properties by their name: ?jndi name: java:comp/env/propertyName

22) XML ? deployment descriptor

ejbjar.xml + serverspecific xml file Which is then Packed in a jar ? file together with bean classes. Beans are packaged into EJB JAR file , Manifest file is used to list EJB?s and jar file holding Deployment descriptor.

23) Session Bean

Developer programs three classes:

?Home interface, contains methods for creating (and locating for entity beans) bean instances.

?Remote interface, contains business methods the bean offers.

?Bean class, contains the business logic of the enterprise bean.

24)Entity Beans

Represents one row in the database:

?Easy way to access database

?business logic concept to manipulate data.

Container managed persistence vs. bean managed persistence:

Programmer creates three or four classes:

?Home interface for locating beans

?Remote interface that contains business methods for clients.

?Bean class that implements bean?s behaviour.

?Primary key class ? that represents primary key in the database. Used to locate beans.

Primary key class is not needed if primary key is a single field that could

25) When to use which bean?

Entity beans are effective when application wants to access one row at a time. If many rows needs to be fetched, using session beans can be better alternative  ava class (for example, Integer).   Entity beans are efficient when working with one row at a time  Cause a lot of network trafic.   Session Beans are efficient when client wants to access database directry.  ?fetching/updating multiple rows from the database  

26) Explain J2EE Arch?

Normally, thinclient multitiered applications are hard to write because they  involve many lines of intricate code to handle transaction and state management,  multithreading, resource pooling, and other complex lowlevel details.  The componentbased and platformindependent J2EE architecture makes J2EE  applications easy to write because business logic is organized into reusable  components and the J2EE server provides underlying services in the form of a  container for every component type. Because you do not have to develop these  services yourself, you are free to concentrate on solving the business problem  at hand.  

Mahindra Java Interview Questions With Answers-2:

1) Explain about Core Java?

Java is increasingly used for middleware applications to communicate between Server and clients. Java has features such as multithreading, portability and networking capabilities. Changes in the java library made java as a favorite programming language for developers it added functionality to their scripts.

2) State some advantages of Java?

Platform independence is the key feature of Java during runtime. Syntax of java is similar to the popular object oriented languages such as C and C++. Java program can eliminate most of the bugs present in the program. Manual memory allocation and de allocation feature present in Java is automated.

3) State the main difference between C++ and Java?

The main difference between C++ and Java lies in multiple inheritances. Java Meta class model has a better solution than C++. Persistent objects can be implemented by features such as object serialization and reflection mechanism. GUI can be implemented easily.

4) Explain about the security aspect of Java?

Java has some bugs in its applets. Java team stated that they have zero tolerance over security features and subsequent editions of Java are improving Bug free environment. Some of the features are overriding the runtime stack, disallowing the corruption of memory outside its own process, reading or writing on local files where it is actually forbidden to do these processes, etc.

5) Explain about the interpreter in Java?

Machines should have Java interpreter for the Java byte code to get executed. Linking is a very easy process and this feature helps while developing applications. Java compiler which is available with software development kit is a bit slower in execution of scripts.

6) Explain about the performance aspects of Core Java?

Performance of interpreted byte codes is enough but it can be improved much more than that. Byte codes are translated into machine language within no time, this speed of execution can be achieved during application compiling time. JIT compilers are also present which compile the byte codes into native code.

7) Explain about the dynamic behavior of core java?

This language was designed to adapt the changing environment and behavior. New methods and instance variables can be added to the client side without any major changes happening at the client end. This function is very important for GUI builders, pluggable components, debuggers and object database.

 Explain about Java SDK?

Java SDK is not so comfortable with people used to command line interpreter. IDEs include compilers, editors, debugging facilities, drag and drop techniques, etc. This compiler strives to generate hundreds of lines in code UI. This platform may become a universal platform.

9) What are the three best choices for development environment?

The three best choices for development environment include.

1) Java SDK and text editor can be a perfect choice.

2) Java SDK and a text editor which is built within the SDK.

3) Using IDE such as free Forte community edition.

10)       Explain about Class in Java?

In Java every thing exists within a class. It defines the behavior of the class and its characteristics. Java applications and applets are built in the class. Rules present for class name are generous and some of the basic rules are names should start with a letter after that letter they can have any combination of letters and digits. It can contain names to any length.

11) Explain about data types?

Variables declared should have a declared type. Out of the eight data types four data types are integer, two are floating type integers, one is character type out of which one is Boolean and the other Unicode. Core Java is known to be a strong typed language.

12) Explain about assignment statement?

After declaring a variable, it should be initialized explicitly. Uninitialized variable can never be used. To a declared variable you must assign a variable name on the left, equal sign and a java expression should have a appropriate value to the right.

13) Give the difference between the println method and sqrt method?

Println method operates on the object system.out and has the value which should be printed namely y. sqrt method is a static method. It does not operate on any object. It has the number stored in x for which the square toot should be found out.

14) Explain about strings in Java?

Strings represent nothing but a string of characters. Java does not have any built in string type. It contains predefined class which can be called enough as a String. Instance of a string is called as a string. Much similar to many object oriented languages a + sign is used.

15) Explain the reason behind ending a program with a System. exit (0)?

The reason behind ending a program with System.exit (0) involves technicalities. When main method exits the new thread automatically does not end. The appearance of this thread is because of dialog box functionality. System.exit ends all the methods.